Сбор информации

Запрос информации об ОС

Запрос версии ОС:

cat /etc/openEuler-latest

Пример вывода:

openeulerversion=openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1
compiletime=2020-12-22-09-16-12
gccversion=7.3.0-20190804.35.oel
kernelversion=4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.oel
openjdkversion=1.8.0.272.b10-4.oel
cat /etc/os-release

Пример вывода:

NAME="openEuler"
VERSION="20.03 (LTS-SP1)"
ID="openEuler"
VERSION_ID="20.03"
PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 20.03 (LTS-SP1)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
cat /etc/openEuler-release

Пример вывода:

openEuler release 20.03 (LTS-SP1)

Запрос версии ядра

uname -a

Пример вывода:

Linux localhost.localdomain 4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.oel.aarch64 #1 SMP Mon Dec 21 14:33:58 UTC 2020 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux

Запрос информации об оборудовании

Запрос статистики ЦП

lscpu

Пример вывода:

Architecture:                    aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                  64bit
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
CPU(s):                          8
On-line CPU(s) list:             0-7
Thread(s) per core:              1
Core(s) per socket:              1
Socket(s):                       8
NUMA node(s):                    1
Vendor ID:                       HiSilicon
Model:                           0
Model name:                      Kunpeng-920
Stepping:                        0x1
CPU max MHz:                     2600.0000
CPU min MHz:                     2600.0000
BogoMIPS:                        200.00
L1d cache:                       512 KiB
L1i cache:                       512 KiB
L2 cache:                        4 MiB
L3 cache:                        256 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s):               0-7
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     Not affected
Vulnerability Lltf:              Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:               Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:          Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:             Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Not affected
Flags:                           fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma dcpop asimddp asimdfhm

Просмотр параметров ЦП

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Пример вывода:

processor       : 0
BogoMIPS        : 200.00
Features        : fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma dcpop asimddp asimdfhm
CPU implementer : 0x48
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant     : 0x1
CPU part        : 0xd01
CPU revision    : 0

Просмотр информации о системной памяти

cat /proc/meminfo

Пример вывода:

MemTotal:       6975488 kB
MemFree:        5099648 kB
MemAvailable:   5744128 kB
Buffers:         305792 kB
Cached:          756800 kB
SwapCached:           0 kB
Active:         1099840 kB
Inactive:        433280 kB
Active(anon):    529024 kB
Inactive(anon):   61248 kB
Active(file):    570816 kB
...

Просмотр информации о памяти и накопителях

dmidecode -t memory

Пример вывода:

# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.0.0 present.

Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
       Location: Other
       Use: System Memory
       Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
       Maximum Capacity: 8 GB

Просмотр распределения жестких дисков и разделов

lsblk

Пример вывода:

NAME                   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNPOINT
sda                      8:0    0    2G  0 disk
sr0                     11:0    1  3.9G  0 rom  /media
vda                    252:0    0  100G  0 disk
├── vda1               252:1    0  600M  0 part /boot/efi
├── vda2               252:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└── vda3               252:3    0 98.4G  0 part
    ├── openeuler-root 253:0    0 63.4G  0 lvm  /
    ├── openeuler-swap 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
    └── openeuler-home 253:2    0   31G  0 lvm  /home

Просмотр сведений о жестких дисках и разделах

fdisk -l

Пример вывода:

Disk /dev/vda: 100GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: C4E8952C-FED0-4B39-8243-51F2FD26D025

Device       Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/vda1     2048   1230847   1228800  600M EFI System
/dev/vda2  1230848   3327999   2097152    1G Linux filesystem
/dev/vda3  3328000 209713151 206385152 98.4G Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sda: 2GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Просмотр информации о сетевой карте

lspci | grep -i 'eth'

Пример вывода:

07:00.0 Ethernet contoller: Virtio: Virtio network device (rev 01)

Просмотр всех сетевых интерфейсов

ip a or ifconfig -a

Пример вывода:

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp7s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:79:f0:94 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 9.82.220.194/16 brd 9.82.255.255 scope global noprefixroute enp7s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_ltf forever
    inet6 2019:4:12:ffff:fe29:274a:d0d7:3f6c/64 scope global noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Просмотр сведений о сетевом интерфейсе

ethtool <iface>

Пример вывода для сетевого интерфейса enp7s0:

Settings for enp7s0:
        Supported ports: [ ]
        Supported link modes:    Not reported
        Supported pause frame use: No
        Supports auto-negotiation: No
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Arvertised link modes:  Not reported
        Advertised pause frame use: No
        Advetised auto-negotiation: No
        Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Speed: Unknown!
        Duplex: Unknown! (255)
        Port: Other
        PHYAD: 0
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: off
        Link detected: yes

Просмотр информации о PCI

lspci

Пример вывода:

00:00.0 Host bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Host bridge
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Root port
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Root port
00:01.2 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Root port
00:01.3 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Root port
00:01.4 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Root port
00:01.5 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. QEMU PCIe Root port
01:00.0 PCI bridge: Red Hat, Inc. Device 000e
02:01.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/UCH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 10)
02:02.0 Communication controller: Virtio: Virtio console
03:00.0 SCSI storage controller: Virtio: Virtio SCSI (rev 01)
05:00.0 SCSI storage controller: Virtio: Virtio block device (rev 01)
06:00.0 Display controller: Virtio: Virtio GPU (rev 01)
07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Virtio: Virtio network device (rev 01)

Просмотр дерева устройств

lspci -t

Пример вывода:

-[0000:00]-+-00.0
           +-01.0-[02-02]----00.0-[02]--+-01.0
           |                             \-02.0
           +-01.1-[03]----00.0
           +-01.2-[04]--
           +-01.3-[05]----00.0
           +-01.4-[06]----00.0
           \-01.5-[07]----00.0

Просмотр информации о BIOS

dmidecode -t bios

Пример вывода:

# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.0.0 present

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 26 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: EFI Development Kit II / OVMF
        Version: 0.0.0
        Release Date: 02/06/2015
        Address: 0xE8000
        Runtime Size: 96 kB
        ROM Size: 64 kB
        Characteristics:
                BIOS characteristics not supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
                UEFI is supported
                System is a virtual machine
        BIOS Revision: 0.0

Запрос информации о программном обеспечении

Запрос сведений о программном пакете

rpm -qi <package>

Пример вывода для пакета systemd:

Name        : systemd
Version     : 243
Release     : 31.oel
Architecture: aarch64
Install Date: Tue 02 Nov 2021 08:31:29 PM CST
Group       : Unspecified
Size        : 15398172
License     : MIT and LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+
Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Mon 21 Dec 2020 11:15:34 PM CST, Key ID d557065eb25e7f66
Source RPM  : systemd-243-31.oel.src.rpm
Build Date  : Mon 21 Dec 2020 11:08:11 PM CST
Build Host  : obs-worker-005
Packager    : http://openeuler.org/
Vendor      : http://openeuler.org/
URL         : https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd
Summary     : System and Service Manager
Description :
systemd is a system and service manager that runs as PID 1 and starts
the rest of the system.

Просмотр модулей, предоставляемых программным пакетом

rpm -q --provides <package>

Пример вывода для пакета systemd:

/bin/systemctl
/sbin/shutdown
config(systemd) = 243-31.oel
libsystemd-shared-243.so()(64bit)
libsystemd-shared-243.so(SD_SHARED)(64bit)
pkgconfig(systemd) = 243
pkgconfig(udev) = 243
syslog
system-setup-keyboard = 0.9
systemd = 243-31.oel
systemd(aarch-64) = 243-31.oel
systemd-pam
systemd-rpm-config
systemd-sysv = 206
systemd-units = 243-31.oel

Просмотр всех установленных программных пакетов

rpm -qa

Просмотр списка программных пакетов

rpm -ql <package>

Пример вывода для пакета python3-rpm:

/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm-4.15.1-py3.7.egg-info
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/__init__.py
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/__pycache__
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.opt-1.pyc
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/__pycache__/transaction.cpython-37.opt-1.pyc
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/__pycache__/transaction.cpython-37.pyc
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/_rpm.cpython-37m-aarch64-linux-gnu.so
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/_prm.so
/usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/rpm/transaction.py

Просмотр журналов ОС

Просмотр информации и журналов ошибок после запуска системы

cat /var/log/messages

Пример вывода:

Aug 10 03:25:56 localhost systemd[1]: Starting dnf makecache...
Aug 10 03:25:56 localhost dnf[267732]: Metadata cache refreshed recently.
Aug 10 03:25:56 localhost systemd[1]: dnf-makecache.service: Succeeded.
Aug 10 03:25:56 localhost systemd[1]: Started dnf makecache.
Aug 10 03:25:56 localhost audit[1]: SERVICE_START pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0
Aug 10 03:25:56 localhost audit[1]: SERVICE_STOP pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=429467295 subj=system_u:system_r_init_t:s0 m
Aug 10 03:32:01 localhost rsyslogd[868]: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.2006.0" x-pid="868" x-info="https://www.rsyslog.com"]

Просмотр журналов, связанных с безопасностью

cat /var/log/secure

Пример вывода:

Nov  3 09:21:14 localhost polkitd[788]: Loading rules from directory /etc/polkit-1/rules.d
Nov  3 09:21:14 localhost polkitd[788]: Loading rules from directory /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d
Nov  3 09:21:14 localhost polkitd[788]: Finished loading, compiling and executing 4 rules
Nov  3 09:21:14 localhost polkitd[788]: Acquired the name org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 on the system bus
Nov  3 09:21:15 localhost sshd[929]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Nov  3 09:21:15 localhost sshd[929]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Nov  3 09:21:16 localhost sshd[929]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Nov  3 09:22:20 localhost login[888]: PAM unable to dlopen(/usr/lib64/security/pam_console.so): /usr/lib64/security/pam_console.so
Nov  3 09:22:20 localhost login[888]: PAM adding faulty module: /usr/lib64/security/pam_console.so

Просмотр журналов, связанных с электронной почтой

cat /var/log/maillog

Просмотр журналов, связанных с запланированными задачами

cat /var/log/cron

Пример вывода:

Nov  3 09:21:15 localhost crond[887]: (CRON) STARTUP (1.5.5)
Nov  3 09:21:15 localhost crond[887]: (CRON) INFO (Syslog will be used instead of sendmail.)
Nov  3 09:21:15 localhost crond[887]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 99% if used.)
Nov  3 09:21:15 localhost crond[887]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)

Просмотр журналов, связанных с UUCP и новостными устройствами

cat /var/log/spooler

Просмотр журналов, связанных с запуском и остановкой процесса управляющей программы

cat /var/log/boot.log

Пример вывода:

Nov  3 09:29:28 localhost NET[1230]: /usr/sbin/dhclient-script : updated /etc/resolv.conf